Pharmacologic therapy based on the 2005 ACC/AHA heart failure guidelines (see Figure 1), septal myomectomy (only in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), biventricular pacing, septal alcohol ablation, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator Same as dilated cardiomyopathy sudden cardiac deathĮCG shows LVH, large QRS complex, Q-waves, and frequent T-wave inversionĮchocardiography shows LVH of unknown etiology with reduction in ventricular chamber volume Pharmacologic therapy based on the 2005 ACC/AHA heart failure guidelines (see Figure 1), cardiac resynchronization therapy, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, surgical revascularization, left ventricular assist device, salt restriction, smoking cessation, cardiac rehabilitation Shortness of breath, fatigue, cough, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, edemaĮchocardiography shows enlarged ventricular chamber, normal or decreased wall thickness, systolic dysfunction Recommended lifestyle changes include restricting alcohol consumption, losing weight, exercising, quitting smoking, and eating a low-sodium diet. Treatment options include pharmacotherapy, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and heart transplantation. Treatment is targeted at relieving the symptoms of heart failure and reducing rates of heart failure–related hospitalization and mortality. Diagnostic studies include B-type natriuretic peptide levels, baseline serum chemistries, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Although cardiomyopathy is asymptomatic in the early stages, symptoms are the same as those characteristically seen in any type of heart failure and may include shortness of breath, fatigue, cough, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and edema. Major types include dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
Cardiomyopathies may be primary (i.e., genetic, mixed, or acquired) or secondary (e.g., infiltrative, toxic, inflammatory).
Cardiomyopathies represent a heterogeneous group of diseases that often lead to progressive heart failure with significant morbidity and mortality. Cardiomyopathy is an anatomic and pathologic diagnosis associated with muscle or electrical dysfunction of the heart.
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